Logic - by Branch / Doctrine - the Basics of Philosophy
History of Logic Back to Top
In Ancient India, the “Nasadiya Sukta” of the Rig Veda contains various logical divisions that were later recast formally as the four circles of catuskoti: “A”, “not A”, “A and not A” and “not A and not not A”. The Nyaya school of Indian philosophical speculation is based on texts known as the “Nyaya Sutras” of Aksapada Gautama from around the 2nd Century B.C., and its methodology of inference is based on a system of logic (involving a combination of induction and deduction by moving from particular to particular via generality) that subsequently has been adopted by the majority of the other Indian schools.
But modern logic descends mainly from the Ancient Greek tradition. Both Plato and Aristotle conceived of logic as the study of argument and from a concern with correctness of argumentation. Aristotle produced six works on logic, known collectively as the “Organon”, the first of these, the “Prior Analytics”, being the first explicit work in formal logic.
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