Programmers coding for a big software development company are cogs in a well oiled machine. Scientists working on science will create software that does something specific on a small subset of data. The ‘program’ they create isn’t so much an integrated app as a collection of utilities (applets). I converted a FORTRAN app that was more than 30 small programs into an integrated C app, so I understand not only the whys and hows of the scientist’s work but the frustration of the programmer hired to unify the applets.