The following recommendations for U.S. Middle East peacemaking were submitted to the administration of President Barack Obama by a bipartisan group of ten former senior government officials: Zbigniew Brzezinski, Chuck Hagel, Lee H. Hamilton, Carla Hills, Nancy Kassebaum-Baker, Thomas R.Pickering, Brent Scowcroft, Theodore C. Sorensen, Paul A. Volcker, and James D. Wolfensohn. All of them are Senior Advisors of the U.S./Middle East Project and members of its International Board, chaired by General Scowcroft.