Basically:

1Q. What does female genital mutilation do?
1A. It removes a large part of the sexually sensitive clitoris, or all of it. This almost always vastly reduces the amount of sexual pleasure a woman can achieve and often results in lasting pain occurring during intercourse. It often interferes with menstruation, thus affecting fertility, often causes frequent urinary tract infections, etc.

2Q. What does male circumcision do?
2A. It removes a very low-sensation fold of skin around the penis. This almost always has a negligible effect on health and psychology. Tests of random populations of circumcised and uncircumcised men have, in aggregate, no significant differences. In rare cases, male circumcision can— mainly through human error in the process— cause pain, scarring, and impaired sexual function. Most medical literature concludes that male circumcision has some health benefits and some health negatives.

3Q. What is the role of male circumcision in Jewish society:
3A. The role of male circumcision in Jewish society is to symbolize a covenant between God and the Jews, and belonging in the Jewish community. It is not believed to have any effect on the individual themselves.

4Q. What is the role of female genital circumcision in African (and other) society?
4A. It has varied roles, but in almost all of them that it is trans-formative is acknowledged. Men in those cultures will not marry those unmutilated women, citing that they are unclean or unmodest. In many cultures the acknowledged role of this procedure is to limit and control female sexuality, ‘helping’ them to be chaste, to resist ‘illicit’ urges, etc. In Europe and the US, the practice was explicitly used to control sexuality.

Comparing the two is like comparing allowing children to have communion wine to allowing children to be given psychotropic drugs or heroin.