Einstein was wrong about black holes, what else? A massive thank you to Prof. Geraint F. Lewis and Prof. Juan Maldacena for their expertise and help with this video.

Use code veritasium at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: incogni.com

A huge thank you to those who helped us understand this complicated topic: Dr. Suddhasattwa Brahma, Prof. Carlo Rovelli, Dr. Hal Haggard, Prof. Martin Bojowald, Dr. Francesca Vidotto, Prof. Andrew Hamilton, and Dr. Carl-Fredrik Nyberg Brodda.

A special thanks to Alessandro Roussel from ScienceClic for his spectacular simulations and feedback on the video. Check out his channel here: ve42.co

An excellent book on this topic and an inspiration for this video: Cox, B., & Forshaw, J. (2023). Black holes: the key to understanding the universe.

References:

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If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - ve42.co

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References:
Thorne, K. (1995). Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein’s Outrageous Legacy.
Relativity Playlist by ScienceClic - ve42.co
Hamilton, A. J. S. (2021). General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology - ve42.co
Black Hole Events by PBS Space Time -
Newton’s Letters via The Newton Project - ve42.co
Einstein, A. (1915). Die feldgleichungen der gravitation. - ve42.co
Why Time and Space Swap by ScienceClic -
Schwarzschild, K. (1916). Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie. - ve42.co
Wali, K. C. (1982). Chandrasekhar vs. Eddington—an unanticipated confrontation. - ve42.co
How to Build a Black Hole by PBS Space Time -
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Volkoff, G. M. (1939). On massive neutron cores. - ve42.co
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Snyder, H. (1939). On continued gravitational contraction. - ve42.co
Schwarzschild Geometry by Andrew Hamilton - ve42.co
Why all world maps are wrong by Vox -
Hamilton, A. J., & Lisle, J. P. (2008). The river model of black holes. - ve42.co
Mapping The Multiverse by PBS Space Time -
Rotating black hole via Wikipedia - ve42.co
Wormhole Travel by PBS Space Time -
Morris, M. S., & Thorne, K. S. (1988). Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel. - ve42.co

Images & Video:
D3 Geo Projection Library by Mike Bostock ve42.co
Interrupted Maps by Jason Davies ve42.co
Kazmierczak, J. et al. (2021). NASA’s NICER Tests Matter’s Limits. - ve42.co
Bridgman, T. et al. (2024). M5.1 flare ‘Double Whammy’, at Active Regions 13559 and 13561. NASA SVS. - ve42.co
Schnittman, J. et al. (2019). Black Hole Accretion Disk Visualization. - ve42.co
Wiessinger, S. et al. (2020). A Decade of Sun. NASA SVS. - ve42.co
Skelly, C. et al. (2017). What is a Neutron Star? NASA SVS. - ve42.co
What would we see if we fell into a black hole by ScienceClic -
Earth texture - ve42.co
First image of Sgr A* - ve42.co
Image of M87 - ve42.co
Polarized light image of Sgr A* - ve42.co

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Directed by Casper Mebius
Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller and Will Wood
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, Mike Radjabov, David Szakaly, Jonny Hyman, and Alessandro Roussel
Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller
Additional research by Gregor Čavlović
Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Will Wood, Giovanna Utichi, Rob Beasley Spence, Gregor Čavlović, and Emily Taylor

Thumbnail contributions by Jakub Misiek, Ren Hurley and Peter Sheppard
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks, and NASA SVS
Music from Epidemic Sound