Only 2.5 of the Ten Commandments have any parallel in law. (No stealing, no killing, and no false witness — but only under oath in a highly ritualized court setting.)
Of others, 3 are forbidden from being enforced by the Bill of Rights. (No other gods, freedom of religion. No graven images, freedom of expression. Name in vain, freedom of speech.)
Of the remaining, adultery isn’t illegal. Coveting your neighbor’s stuff is actively encouraged. Honoring thy father and mother has no legal basis. And keeping the Sabbath is only expressed in antiquated and quaint blue laws.
Hardly the basis for our legal system. Arguably, more commandments are explicitly rebuffed by our legal system than enforced.